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1.
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor ; 27(2): 119-124, 2024 Mar 31.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38655591

RESUMO

Australia se convirtió en diciembre de 2023 en el primer país en prohibir el uso de los aglomerados de cuarzo. El consumo de estos materiales sintéticos, que contienen más del 80% de sílice cristalina y que desde los años 90 se han empleado para la fabricación de encimeras de cocina y baños, ha contribuido al resurgimiento en numerosos países de formas aceleradas de silicosis y a una notable incidencia de enfermedades sistémicas. El objeto de este trabajo es analizar los fundamentos que sustentan la decisión australiana. Dichos fundamentos están principalmente recogidos en el informe elaborado en 2023 por la agencia gubernamental Safe Work Australia (SWA), que recomendó la prohibición del producto. SWA llevó a cabo una consulta pública entre todos los actores sociales y científicos interesados en el problema. El informe de SWA señaló la ausencia de evidencia científica sobre un umbral de sílice toxicológicamente seguro cuestionando la estrategia de los fabricantes del material de presentar como productos seguros a los aglomerados con menos del 40% de contenido de sílice. La recomendación de SWA tomó en consideración la evaluación del nivel de cumplimiento de las estrictas medidas de prevención implementadas entre 2019 y 2023, constatando que el incumplimiento siguió siendo generalizado en el sector. Además se realizó un análisis coste-beneficio para valorar el número de casos de silicosis que sería necesario evitar para "compensar" los costes económicos asociados a cada opción de prohibición. Para ello empleó el Valor Estadístico de la Vida (VEV) actualizado en 2023 en Australia y estimó en 4,9 millones de dólares australianos cada vida salvada y silicosis evitada. En nuestra opinión, la prohibición australiana es modélica por la forma en que se ha gestado la decisión, por su sólida fundamentación científica y socio-laboral, y por la aplicación del principio de precaución.


Assuntos
Silicose , Humanos , Austrália , Silicose/prevenção & controle , Quartzo , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle
3.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 97: e202312113, Dic. 2023. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229750

RESUMO

Fundamentos: la remergencia de la silicosis en españa desde 2007 ha sido objetivada por el incremento de partes de enfermedad profesional. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue analizar los procesos asistenciales por silicosis atendidos por el sistema nacional De salud entre 1997 y 2020 para una mejor comprensión de la dimensión epidemiológica del problema. Métodos: se empleó el rae-cmbd, aplicando los códigos cie-9-cm 500 y 502 (1997-2016) y cie-10-cm j60, j62.0 y j62.8 (2017-2020). Se aplicaron métodos de estadística descriptiva y modelización por regresiones logísticas y metodología de regresión Joinpoint. Resultados: se obtuvieron 111.325 registros (veinte-cien años), el 4,3% por silicosis como diagnóstico principal (dp) y el 95,7% Como diagnóstico secundario (ds). El 98% eran hombres y el 2% mujeres. La edad media de los procesos por ds fue de 75,1, y de68,7 para los procesos por dp. La mediana de edad aumentó ocho años para los ds y disminuyó tres para los dp. Aunque la carga Asistencial global disminuyó, los procesos en menores de cincuenta años por dp entre 2006 y 2009 registraron una tendencia Ascendente (apc=27,01%). Los procesos por ds mostraron una tendencia ascendente no significativa (apc=1,92%) entre 2005 y 2020.Conclusiones: la tendencia al crecimiento de los procesos asistenciales por silicosis en menores de cincuenta años desde 2005 confirma el impacto asistencial de la remergencia de la silicosis en españa. La carga asistencial asociada constituye un problema de salud pública presente y futuro dada la reducción de edad de los afectados.(AU)


Background: the re-emergence of silicosis in spain since 2007 has been identified by the increase in the number of occupational disease reports. The aim of our study was to analyse the silicosis care processes attended by the national health system between 1997 and 2020 to better understand the epidemiological dimension of the problem. Methods: processes were obtained from the Registro de actividad sanitaria especializada (rae-cmbd), with icd-9-cm codes 500 and 502 (1997-2016) and icd-10-cm j60, j62.0 and j62.8 (2017-2020). Descriptive statistical methods and modelling by logistic regression and Joinpoint regression methodology were applied. Results: a total of 111,325 records were obtained (ages twenty-one hundred years), 4.3% for silicosis as the main diagnosis (pd) And 95.7% as a secondary diagnosis (sd). Men accounted for 98% and women for 2%. The mean age for sd processes was 75.1, and 68.7 for pd processes. The median age increased by eight years for sd and decreased by three years for pd. Although the overall Burden of care decreased, under-fifty pd procedures between 2006 and 2009 showed an upward trend (apc=27.01%). Sd processes Showed a non-significant upward trend (apc=1.92%) between 2005 and 2020. Conclusions: the upward trend in silicosis care processes in people under fifty years of age since 2005 confirms the healthcare Impact of the re-emergence of silicosis in spain. The associated burden of care constitutes a present and future public health problem Given the decreasing age of those affected.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Silicose/diagnóstico , Silicose/enfermagem , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Assistência Hospitalar , Saúde Pública , Espanha , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 972023 Dec 20.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38126465

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The re-emergence of silicosis in Spain since 2007 has been identified by the increase in the number of occupational disease reports. The aim of our study was to analyse the silicosis care processes attended by the National Health System between 1997 and 2020 to better understand the epidemiological dimension of the problem. METHODS: Processes were obtained from the Registro de Actividad Sanitaria Especializada (RAE-CMBD), with ICD-9-CM codes 500 and 502 (1997-2016) and ICD-10-CM J60, J62.0 and J62.8 (2017-2020). Descriptive statistical methods and modelling by logistic regression and Joinpoint regression methodology were applied. RESULTS: A total of 111,325 records were obtained (ages twenty-one hundred years), 4.3% for silicosis as the main diagnosis (PD) and 95.7% as a secondary diagnosis (SD). Men accounted for 98% and women for 2%. The mean age for SD processes was 75.1, and 68.7 for PD processes. The median age increased by eight years for SD and decreased by three years for PD. Although the overall burden of care decreased, under-fifty PD procedures between 2006 and 2009 showed an upward trend (APC=27.01%). SD processes showed a non-significant upward trend (APC=1.92%) between 2005 and 2020. CONCLUSIONS: The upward trend in silicosis care processes in people under fifty years of age since 2005 confirms the healthcare impact of the re-emergence of silicosis in Spain. The associated burden of care constitutes a present and future public health problem given the decreasing age of those affected.


OBJECTIVE: La remergencia de la silicosis en España desde 2007 ha sido objetivada por el incremento de partes de enfermedad profesional. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue analizar los procesos asistenciales por silicosis atendidos por el Sistema Nacional de Salud entre 1997 y 2020 para una mejor comprensión de la dimensión epidemiológica del problema. METHODS: Se empleó el RAE-CMBD, aplicando los códigos CIE-9-CM 500 y 502 (1997-2016) y CIE-10-CM J60, J62.0 y J62.8 (2017-2020). Se aplicaron métodos de estadística descriptiva y modelización por regresiones logísticas y metodología de regresión Joinpoint. RESULTS: Se obtuvieron 111.325 registros (veinte-cien años), el 4,3% por silicosis como diagnóstico principal (DP) y el 95,7% como diagnóstico secundario (DS). El 98% eran hombres y el 2% mujeres. La edad media de los procesos por DS fue de 75,1, y de 68,7 para los procesos por DP. La mediana de edad aumentó ocho años para los DS y disminuyó tres para los DP. Aunque la carga asistencial global disminuyó, los procesos en menores de cincuenta años por DP entre 2006 y 2009 registraron una tendencia ascendente (APC=27,01%). Los procesos por DS mostraron una tendencia ascendente no significativa (APC=1,92%) entre 2005 y 2020. CONCLUSIONS: La tendencia al crecimiento de los procesos asistenciales por silicosis en menores de cincuenta años desde 2005 confirma el impacto asistencial de la remergencia de la silicosis en España. La carga asistencial asociada constituye un problema de Salud Pública presente y futuro dada la reducción de edad de los afectados.


Assuntos
Doenças Profissionais , Exposição Ocupacional , Silicose , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Espanha/epidemiologia , Silicose/epidemiologia , Hospitais
5.
Respirology ; 27(6): 387-398, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35302259

RESUMO

Silicosis not a disease of the past. It is an irreversible, fibrotic lung disease specifically caused by exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust. Over 20,000 incident cases of silicosis were identified in 2017 and millions of workers continue to be exposed to RCS. Identified case numbers are however a substantial underestimation due to deficiencies in reporting systems and occupational respiratory health surveillance programmes in many countries. Insecure workers, immigrants and workers in small businesses are at particular risk of more intense RCS exposure. Much of the focus of research and prevention activities has been on the mining sector. Hazardous RCS exposure however occurs in a wide range of occupational setting which receive less attention, in particular the construction industry. Recent outbreaks of silicosis associated with the fabrication of domestic kitchen benchtops from high-silica content artificial stone have been particularly notable because of the young age of affected workers, short duration of RCS exposure and often rapid disease progression. Developments in nanotechnology and hydraulic fracking provide further examples of how rapid changes in technology and industrial processes require governments to maintain constant vigilance to identify and control potential sources of RCS exposure. Despite countries around the world dealing with similar issues related to RCS exposure, there is an absence of sustained global public health response including lack of consensus of an occupational exposure limit that would provide protection to workers. Although there are complex challenges, global elimination of silicosis must remain the goal.


Assuntos
Exposição Ocupacional , Silicose , Poeira , Humanos , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Dióxido de Silício/efeitos adversos , Silicose/epidemiologia , Silicose/etiologia
6.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 952021 Aug 25.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34429394

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The presence of new sources of occupational exposure to crystalline silica has contributed to an increased incidence of silicosis. Spain was one of the first countries to identify new occupational risk sectors such as quartz agglomerates. The objective of this work was to describe the incidence of silicosis in Spain between 1990 and 2019 and to determine the main occupational sectors affected. METHODS: Data on occupational disease cases were obtained from the Spanish Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration. Disease rates were computed by occupational sector, and analyses were conducted of their time course and their geographical, sex and age distributions. RESULTS: Data were available on 4,418 cases (96.1% male). The mean annual number of cases was 1,223% higher between 2015 and 2019 than between 1990 and 1995. By occupational sector, 50% were in "Fabrication of other mineral non-metallic products", 18.5% in "Extraction of non-metallic non-energetic minerals", 10.2% in "Construction", 6.1% in "Metallurgy", 3.1% in "Coal mining" and 12% in other sectors. Galicia registered the greatest number of cases (32.9%), followed by Castile and León (14%), Andalusia (10%) and the Basque Country (9.1%). The greatest increase in its incidence was in coal mining, possibly due to the dismantling of this sector and drastic reduction in the workforce. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the importance of the manufacturing, machining and installation of quartz agglomerates in the re-emergence of silicosis in Spain.


OBJETIVO: La existencia de nuevas fuentes de exposición laboral a sílice cristalina ha contribuido al aumento de la incidencia de silicosis. España es uno de los países pioneros en la identificación de nuevos sectores de riesgo como los aglomerados de cuarzo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la evolución de la silicosis en España entre 1990 y 2019 e identificar los principales sectores de exposición responsables. METODOS: Los partes de enfermedad profesional se obtuvieron de la Secretaría General de Planificación del Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones. Se calcularon tasas por actividad económica y se analizó la tendencia temporal de los partes, su distribución por sexo, edad y sector económico, así como su distribución territorial. RESULTADOS: Se recuperaron 4.418 partes (96,1% hombres, 3,9% mujeres). La media anual de partes del quinquenio 2015-2019 (404,2) creció un 1.223,2% respecto al primer quinquenio de la serie. Por sectores de actividad, la distribución fue: 50% "Fabricación de otros productos minerales no metálicos"; 18,5% "Extracción de minerales no metálicos ni energéticos"; 10,2% "Construcción"; 6,1% "Metalurgia"; 3,1% "Minería del carbón"; 12% demás sectores. Galicia concentró el 32,9% de los partes, seguida de Castilla y León (14%), Andalucía (10,3%) y País Vasco (9,1%). La "Minería del carbón" registró el mayor incremento de tasa en el intervalo estudiado, reflejo del desmantelamiento del sector. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de nuestro estudio señalan la centralidad del sector de los aglomerados de cuarzo en la remergencia de la silicosis en España, tanto en su fabricación como en su mecanizado e instalación.


Assuntos
Exposição Ocupacional , Dióxido de Silício , Silicose , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Dióxido de Silício/toxicidade , Silicose/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia
9.
Ind Health ; 55(1): 3-12, 2017 Feb 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27334423

RESUMO

The objective of this article was to estimate the medical costs derived from malignant ARD treatment in the Spanish National Health System (NHS) between 2004 and 2011. Estimation of direct healthcare costs was based on national primary data on the cost of specialized care for inpatients and outpatients treated at NHS hospitals and on national and regional secondary data on costs of primary healthcare and pharmaceutical prescriptions. A prevalence approach was used to estimate the overall burden of ARDs. Direct medical costs of 37,557 ARDs attended in Spanish NHS facilities in 2004-2011 were estimated at 464 million euros; specialist care accounted for 50.9% of total costs, primary healthcare 10.15%, and drug prescription 38.9%. The cost was 27.8-fold higher in males than in females. Bronchopulmonary cancers represented the greatest healthcare cost, 281 million euros. The cost of delivering healthcare to ARDs victims in Spain has a negative economic impact on the NHS due to the gross under-recognition of occupational victims under the Spanish National Insurance System.


Assuntos
Amianto/efeitos adversos , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Doenças Profissionais/economia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia
10.
Int J Occup Environ Health ; 21(1): 31-9, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25335827

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In 1978, asbestos-related occupational cancers were added to the Spanish list of occupational diseases. However, there are no full accounts of compensated cases since their inclusion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cases of asbestos-related cancer recognized as occupational in Spain between 1978 and 2011. METHODS: Cases were obtained from the Spanish Employment Ministry. Specific incidence rates by year, economic activity, and occupation were obtained. We compared mortality rates of mesothelioma and bronchus and lung cancer mortality in Spain and the European Union. RESULTS: Between 1978 and 2011, 164 asbestos-related occupational cancers were recognized in Spain, with a mean annual rate of 0·08 per 10(5) employees (0·13 in males, 0·002 in females). Under-recognition rates were an estimated 93·6% (males) and 99·7% (females) for pleural mesothelioma and 98·8% (males) and 100% (females) for bronchus and lung cancer. In Europe for the year 2000, asbestos-related occupational cancer rates ranged from 0·04 per 10(5) employees in Spain to 7·32 per 10(5) employees in Norway. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence of gross under-recognition of asbestos-related occupational cancers in Spain. Future work should investigate cases treated in the National Healthcare System to better establish the impact of asbestos on health in Spain.


Assuntos
Amianto/toxicidade , Neoplasias Brônquicas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Mesotelioma/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Exposição Ocupacional , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Brônquicas/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Brônquicas/mortalidade , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , União Europeia/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Neoplasias Pulmonares/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Masculino , Mesotelioma/induzido quimicamente , Mesotelioma/mortalidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/induzido quimicamente , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha/epidemiologia
11.
Med. segur. trab ; 60(supl.2): 42-50, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-133535

RESUMO

El objeto de este trabajo es mostrar el papel clave que las minas de mercurio de Almadén jugaron durante el siglo XVIII para que cristalizara en nuestro país un conjunto de saberes y prácticas médicas centradas en la gestión de los problemas de enfermedad generados por la actividad productiva. Ello fue posible gracias a la confluencia del auge de las teorías mercantilistas, que otorgaron valor económico a la salud de los trabajadores, a la naturaleza nociva del proceso de obtención del mercurio y a sus implicaciones para la economía colonial española. En Almadén se produjo el nacimiento de la corriente empírica más rica y original en el estudio de la patología laboral en el mundo hispánico. Además, se posibilitó la conversión del medio laboral en un espacio de legitimación de saberes y prácticas sanitarias, dotando a los profesionales de nuevas competencias en el control de la salud de los trabajadores. Así mismo, la medicina desempeñó un papel normativo y regulador de los hábitos de vida de los trabajadores destinado a modelar valores y comportamientos acordes a los requerimientos del orden productivo. Este estudio se basa en el análisis de los principales escritos médicos españoles y en la reconstrucción de las prácticas asistenciales y preventivas desarrolladas en las minas de mercurio de Almadén (AU)


This paper explores the case of the 18th-century state-owned Almadén mercury mines as main precursor of the emergence of medical concerns with workers' health and the establishment of a systematic medical approach to work-related diseases in our country. This was largely a product of the growing influence of mercantilist theories, which assigned an increasingly important economic value to health, the unhealthy nature of mercury mining work and the extraordinarily important role played by Almadén in the overall Spanish economy. Almadén became the source of the most original empirical medical research on dangerous trades carried out in the Hispanic World. It also provided a propitious space for the legitimisation of new knowledge and practices related to the health and illness of workers, reserving new competencies for healthcare professionals. Likewise, medicine began to fulfil a normative function in the work setting, modelling the values of the workers and regulating their behaviour patterns in accordance with the requirements of the productive order. The study is based on an analysis of the main Spanish medical literature on this issue and on a reconstruction of the care and preventive practices developed in Almadén mercury mines (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , História da Medicina , Medicina do Trabalho/história , Intoxicação por Mercúrio/história , Mercúrio/toxicidade , Doenças Profissionais/história , Mineração
12.
BMC Cancer ; 13: 528, 2013 Nov 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24195451

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A total of 2,514,346 metric tons (Mt) of asbestos were imported into Spain from 1906 until the ban on asbestos in 2002. Our objective was to study pleural cancer mortality trends as an indicator of mesothelioma mortality and update mortality predictions for the periods 2011-2015 and 2016-2020 in Spain. METHODS: Log-linear Poisson models were fitted to study the effect of age, period of death and birth cohort (APC) on mortality trends. Change points in cohort- and period-effect curvatures were assessed using segmented regression. Fractional power-link APC models were used to predict mortality until 2020. In addition, an alternative model based on national asbestos consumption figures was also used to perform long-term predictions. RESULTS: Pleural cancer deaths increased across the study period, rising from 491 in 1976-1980 to 1,249 in 2006-2010. Predictions for the five-year period 2016-2020 indicated a total of 1,319 pleural cancer deaths (264 deaths/year). Forecasts up to 2020 indicated that this increase would continue, though the age-adjusted rates showed a levelling-off in male mortality from 2001 to 2005, corresponding to the lower risk in post-1960 generations. Among women, rates were lower and the mortality trend was also different, indicating that occupational exposure was possibly the single factor having most influence on pleural cancer mortality. CONCLUSION: The cancer mortality-related consequences of human exposure to asbestos are set to persist and remain in evidence until the last surviving members of the exposed cohorts have disappeared. It can thus be assumed that occupationally-related deaths due to pleural mesothelioma will continue to occur in Spain until at least 2040.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Pleurais/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Amianto/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Feminino , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Pleurais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pleurais/etiologia , Neoplasias Pleurais/história , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
13.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 20(3): 797-812, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24141916

RESUMO

In debates about nuclear controversy, the issue of occupational safety in radioactive facilities is rarely foregrounded; it has historically been relegated to second place compared to the attention given to potential harm to the general population. Aiming for, at least, partially filling this historiographical gap, this article deals with the development of occupational radiological protection in Spain under the dictatorship of General Franco (1939-1975). It covers the rise of radiological protection measures on an international level and the subsequent development of legislation in the case of Spain, a process that paralleled the growth of the nation's nuclear program. Finally, it explores the main evidence of the impact of ionizing radiation on Spain's working population.

14.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 20(3): 797-812, July-Sept/2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-688690

RESUMO

En los debates sobre la controversia nuclear pocas veces se presenta en primera plana la cuestión de la seguridad laboral en las instalaciones radiactivas, históricamente relegada a un segundo plano frente a la atención a los potenciales daños a la población general. Con objeto de cubrir parcialmente ese vacío historiográfico, este trabajo se acerca al desarrollo de la protección radiológica laboral en España durante la dictadura del general Franco (1939-1975). Para ello, se repasa el surgimiento de las medidas de protección radiológica en el ámbito internacional y el posterior desarrollo legislativo en el caso español, proceso paralelo al crecimiento del programa nuclear nacional. Finalmente, son exploradas las principales evidencias del impacto de las radiaciones ionizantes sobre la población laboral española.


In debates about nuclear controversy, the issue of occupational safety in radioactive facilities is rarely foregrounded; it has historically been relegated to second place compared to the attention given to potential harm to the general population. Aiming for, at least, partially filling this historiographical gap, this article deals with the development of occupational radiological protection in Spain under the dictatorship of General Franco (1939-1975). It covers the rise of radiological protection measures on an international level and the subsequent development of legislation in the case of Spain, a process that paralleled the growth of the nation's nuclear program. Finally, it explores the main evidence of the impact of ionizing radiation on Spain's working population.


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XX , Radiação Ionizante , Proteção Radiológica , Protetores contra Radiação , Espanha , História do Século XX , Indústrias
15.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 86(6): 613-625, nov.-dic. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-107932

RESUMO

Fundamentos: En España carecemos de una descripción completa de las enfermedades profesionales causadas por el amianto. El objetivo del presente trabajo esconocer la incidencia durante el período 19622010 de las asbestosis y otras enfermedades pulmonares benignas por amianto reconocidas como profesionales y su distribución por sectores, ocupación, sexo y ámbito geográfico. Métodos: El número de casos se obtuvo de las Memorias del INP (años 1962 a 1975), de la Estadística del Ministerio de Trabajo y las Memorias del Servicio de Higiene y Seguridad en el Trabajo (1976 a 1981) y de los Anuarios de Estadísticas Laborales a partir de 1982. Se obtuvieron tasas de incidencia específicas por actividad económica y ocupación. Se estudió la tendencia temporal del número de enfermedades a estudio, así como su distribución geográfica por Comunidad Autónoma y provincia. Resultados: Desde 1963 hasta 2010 se reconocieron 815 asbestosis y 46 afecciones fibrosantes de pleura y pericardio. La incidencia media anual de asbestosis fue 0,20 por 100.000 personas asalariadas (0,31 en el año 1990 y 0,40 en 2010). De 1990 a 2001 el sector del fibrocemento acumuló 189 casos de asbestosis, el naval 173, la construcción 49 y la metalurgia 35. Por ocupación, los operadores de maquinas fijas presentaron 114 casos, los moldeadores, soldadores, chapistas y montado-res de estructuras metálicas 88 casos y los pintores, fontaneros e instaladores de tuberías 59. Las Comunidades Autónomas con más casos fueron la Valenciana (106), Galicia (86), Andalucía (82), Cataluña (75), Madrid (58) y País Vasco (41). Conclusiones: Las tasas de incidencia y la tendencia de asbestosis profesionales en España pueden estar evidenciando el infrareconocimiento del origen profesional de estas enfermedades en nuestro país. Los sectores más afectados fueron el del fibrocemento y el naval y la incidencia más alta se dió en la Comunidad Valenciana(AU)


Background: We lack in Spain of a full description of the diseases caused by asbestos since its inclusion in the list of occupational diseases 1961. The aim of this study is to know the incidence of asbestosis and other asbestos-related benign lung diseases, which were recognized as occupational diseases by the Spanish Social Security system between 1962 and 2010. Methods: Cases were obtained from Reports of the National Insurance Institute (1962 to 1975), from Employment Ministry Statistics and Reports of the Work Health and Safety Department (1976 to 1981), and from the Employment Statistics Yearbooks (from 1982). Specific rates were obtained by economic activity and occupation. We represent temporal trends in the number of the diseases under study and described their geographic distribution by provinces. Results: Between 1963 and 2010, 815 cases of asbestosis and 46 cases of fibrous pleural or pericardial disease were recognized. Since 1990 until 2001 Fiber-cement sector accumulated 189 cases of asbestosis, Shipbuilding sector 173, Construction sector 49 and Metallurgy 35. By occupation, fixed machinery operators had 114 cases; inmolders, welders, sheet metal workers and fitters 88 cases; and painters, plumbers and pipe fitters 59 cases. The autonomous communities with the highest number of cases were Valencia (106), Galicia (86), Andalusia (82), Catalonia (75), Madrid (58), and the Basque Country (41). Conclusions: Incidence rates and the time trend of professional asbestosis in Spain may be demonstrating the underreporting of the occupational origin of these diseases in our country. The most affected sectors were that of the fiber-cement and the naval one and the highest incidence was given in the Valencian Community(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Asbestose/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Amianto/efeitos adversos , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Saúde Ocupacional/tendências , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Espanha/epidemiologia , Medicina do Trabalho/métodos , Medicina do Trabalho/organização & administração , Medicina do Trabalho/normas , Previdência Social/economia , Previdência Social/organização & administração
16.
Arch. prev. riesgos labor. (Ed. impr.) ; 15(2): 86-89, abr.-jun. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-97956

RESUMO

El objetivo es reflexionar, bajo el principio de precaución, sobre la relación entre causalidad científica y responsabilidad legal, a propósito de una demanda en materia de recargo de prestación por falta de medidas de seguridad e higiene tras la muerte de un trabajador por mesotelioma, reconocida previamente como enfermedad profesional. Se trata de un trabajador que tras 28 años como soldador en unos astilleros, se le reconoció en 2007 un mesotelioma como enfermedad profesional, falleciendo en 2009. Después de valorar que a) el conocimiento científico de la relación de la exposición a amianto y el mesotelioma se consolida entre 1955 y 1976, y b) que la normativa legal para la protección de los trabajadores en España se inicia en 1940 con carácter genérico y en 1982 de manera específica, concluimos que nuestro caso posiblemente se hubiera beneficiado si el principio de precaución, que ahora está ampliamente aceptado, se hubiera aplicado(AU)


The aim of this paper is to reflect, under the precautionary principle, on the relationship between scientific causation and legal liability in connection with a lawsuit regarding compensation for lack of occupational safety and hygiene controls following the death of a worker with mesothelioma that had been previously accepted as an occupational disease. The worker had spent 28 years as a shipyard welder, with a diagnosis of occupationally-related mesothelioma in 2007, and who died in 2009. After reviewing the advances in a) scientific knowledge on the health effects of asbestos exposure, which were consolidated between 1955 and 1976, and b) the development of a regulatory framework for the protection of workers in Spain that began generically in 1940 and became more specific in 1982, we conclude that our case probably would have benefited from application of the precautionary principle, which is now widely accepted(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/tendências , Saúde Ocupacional/legislação & jurisprudência , Medidas de Segurança/ética , Medidas de Segurança/legislação & jurisprudência , Mesotelioma/mortalidade , 16054/legislação & jurisprudência , Amianto/envenenamento , Amianto/toxicidade , Doenças Profissionais/mortalidade , Saúde Ocupacional/ética , Saúde Ocupacional/normas , Segurança Industrial/legislação & jurisprudência , Segurança Industrial/métodos , Medidas de Segurança/organização & administração , Medidas de Segurança/normas , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle
17.
Asclepio ; 64(1): 7-36, ene.-jun. 2012. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101231

RESUMO

El amianto o asbesto es un mineral fibroso de propiedades ignífugas y resistente a la abrasión que ha sido empleado masivamente en procesos industriales y productos manufacturados desde comienzos del siglo XX. Su uso ha provocado graves problemas de salud en los trabajadores expuestos y en la población general. La atención historiográfica a los riesgos del amianto en España ha sido casi inexistente, lo que ha contribuido a consolidar la idea de una ausencia de preocupación por este problema en nuestro país hasta la década de los ochenta. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el surgimiento de dicha preocupación durante el periodo franquista, mediante un análisis de la producción científica y de la normativa aprobada para enfrentar los riesgos del amianto(AU)


Asbestos is a fibrous mineral used since the early 20th century in a wide range of manufacturing processes and industrial products for its fireproofing and abrasion-resistant properties. Asbestos exposure has had harmful effects on the health of workers and of the general population. Asbestos risks have attracted scant historiographical attention in Spain, contributing to the idea of a lack of medical and public concerns about this issue until the 1980s. The aim of this paper was to analyze the emergence of such concerns during the Franco regime by exploring the medical literature and the legislation drafted to address asbestos hazards(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Amianto/efeitos adversos , Asbestose/história , Doenças Profissionais/história , História da Medicina , Espanha/epidemiologia
18.
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor ; 15(2): 86-9, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23775153

RESUMO

The aim of this paper is to reflect, under the precautionary principle, on the relationship between scientific causation and legal liability in connection with a lawsuit regarding compensation for lack of occupational safety and hygiene controls following the death of a worker with mesothelioma that had been previously accepted as an occupational disease. The worker had spent 28 years as a shipyard welder, with a diagnosis of occupationally-related mesothelioma in 2007, and who died in 2009. After reviewing the advances in a) scientific knowledge on the health effects of asbestos exposure, which were consolidated between 1955 and 1976, and b) the development of a regulatory framework for the protection of workers in Spain that began generically in 1940 and became more specific in 1982, we conclude that our case probably would have benefited from application of the precautionary principle, which is now widely accepted.


El objetivo es reflexionar, bajo el principio de precaución, sobre la relación entre causalidad científica y responsabilidad legal, a propósito de una demanda en materia de recargo de prestación por falta de medidas de seguridad e higiene tras la muerte de un trabajador por mesotelioma, reconocida previamente como enfermedad profesional. Se trata de un trabajador que tras 28 años como soldador en unos astilleros, se le reconoció en 2007 un mesotelioma como enfermedad profesional, falleciendo en 2009. Después de valorar que a) el conocimiento científico de la relación de la exposición a amianto y el mesotelioma se consolida entre 1955 y 1976, y b) que la normativa legal para la protección de los trabajadores en España se inicia en 1940 con carácter genérico y en 1982 de manera específica, concluimos que nuestro caso posiblemente se hubiera beneficiado si el principio de precaución, que ahora está ampliamente aceptado, se hubiera aplicado.


Assuntos
Responsabilidade Legal , Mesotelioma , Doenças Profissionais , Exposição Ocupacional/legislação & jurisprudência , Saúde Ocupacional/legislação & jurisprudência , Idoso , Amianto/efeitos adversos , Causas de Morte , Humanos , Masculino , Mesotelioma/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Espanha
19.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 86(6): 613-25, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23325136

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We lack in Spain of a full description of the diseases caused by asbestos since its inclusion in the list of occupational diseases 1961. The aim of this study is to know the incidence of asbestosis and other asbestos-related benign lung diseases, which were recognized as occupational diseases by the Spanish Social Security system between 1962 and 2010. METHODS: Cases were obtained from Reports of the National Insurance Institute (1962 to 1975), from Employment Ministry Statistics and Reports of the Work Health and Safety Department (1976 to 1981), and from the Employment Statistics Yearbooks (from 1982). Specific rates were obtained by economic activity and occupation. We represent temporal trends in the number of the diseases under study and described their geographic distribution by provinces. RESULTS: Between 1963 and 2010, 815 cases of asbestosis and 46 cases of fibrous pleural or pericardial disease were recognized. Since 1990 until 2001 Fiber-cement sector accumulated 189 cases of asbestosis, Shipbuilding sector 173, Construction sector 49 and Metallurgy 35. By occupation, fixed machinery operators had 114 cases; in molders, welders, sheet metal workers and fitters 88 cases; and painters, plumbers and pipe fitters 59 cases. The autonomous communities with the highest number of cases were Valencia (106), Galicia (86), Andalusia (82), Catalonia (75), Madrid (58), and the Basque Country (41). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence rates and the time trend of professional asbestosis in Spain may be demonstrating the underreporting of the occupational origin of these diseases in our country. The most affected sectors were that of the fiber-cement and the naval one and the highest incidence was given in the Valencian Community.


Assuntos
Asbestose/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatias/epidemiologia , Pericárdio , Doenças Pleurais/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Asbestose/etiologia , Cardiomiopatias/etiologia , Feminino , Geografia Médica , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Ocupações , Doenças Pleurais/etiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia
20.
Arch. prev. riesgos labor. (Ed. impr.) ; 14(3): 160-162, jul.-sept. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-90424

RESUMO

El objetivo del presente estudio es proporcionar nuevas perspectivas sobre el reconocimiento tardío de las enfermedades relacionadascon el amianto en las sociedades contemporáneas. Se aborda el papel de la cultura del experto en la identificación,gestión y control de los riesgos por exposición a amianto, y se examina la influencia de estos hechos sobre el reconocimientotardío y la minorización de los riesgos. Tras una primera descripción de la situación en España, en el artículo sepresentan tres casos históricos para ilustrar las limitaciones del modelo explicativo experto. En primer lugar, cómo la reducidadefinición de asbestosis propuesta por los expertos médicos en el Reino Unido en el periodo de entreguerras contribuyóa la percepción pública de los problemas relacionados con la exposición a amianto como algo temporal y controlable.En segundo lugar, cómo una aproximación alternativa sobre el control de los riesgos relacionados con el amianto propuestapor el sindicato español Comisiones Obreras a principios de los años 80 inspiró el así llamado modelo obrero italiano, priorizandoel conocimiento disponible localmente. Finalmente, cómo en el cambio de la percepción pública francesa acercade los riesgos del amianto que tuvo lugar durante el último tercio del siglo XX, los factores culturales y sociales jugaron unpapel determinante en la ampliación de la cuestión más allá del ámbito de la salud laboral. El autor argumenta que la apropiacióndel conocimiento experto sobre el tema ha determinado su minimización como problema en el campo de la saludlaboral y ha favorecido su invisibilidad social(AU)


The aim of this study is to provide new insights into the late recognition of asbestos-related diseases in contemporary societies.It addresses the role of expert culture in the identification, management, and control of asbestos risks, and examines thecontribution of these processes to the late recognition and minimization of risks. After focusing first on Spain, the articlepresents three historical case studies to illustrate some shortcomings of the expert explanatory model. First, the narrowdefinition of asbestosis forged by medical experts in interwar Britain helped shape a public perception of the asbestos issueas finite and controllable. Second, the alternative approach to asbestos hazard management proposed by the Spanish tradeunion Comisiones Obreras in the early 1980s, inspired by the so-called Italian workers’ model, prioritized locally producedknowledge. Finally, in the changing public view of asbestos risks in France during the last third of the 20th century, culturaland social factors played a crucial role in broadening the issue beyond its conception as just an occupational health problem.The author argues that expertise itself becomes a deproblematizing agent for industrial health issues, paving the way fortheir social invisibility(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Amianto/efeitos adversos , Asbestose/prevenção & controle , Fibrose Pulmonar/etiologia , Riscos Ocupacionais
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